SPRD: a surface plasmon resonance database of common factors for better experimental planning.

BACKGROUND: Surface plasmon resonance is a label-free biophysical technique that is widely used in investigating biomolecular interactions, including protein-protein, protein-DNA, and protein-small molecule binding. Surface plasmon resonance is a very powerful tool in different stages of small molecule drug development and antibody characterization. Both academic institutions and pharmaceutical industry extensively utilize this method for screening and validation studies involving direct molecular interactions. In most applications of the surface plasmon resonance technology, one of the studied molecules is immobilized on a microchip, while the second molecule is delivered through a microfluidic system over the immobilized molecules. Changes in total mass on the chip surface is recorded in real time as an indicator of the molecular interactions. MAIN BODY: Quality and accuracy of the surface plasmon resonance data depend on experimental variables, including buffer composition, type of sensor chip, coupling chemistry of molecules on the sensor surface, and surface regeneration conditions. These technical details are generally included in materials and methods sections of published manuscripts and are not easily accessible using the common internet browser search engines or PubMed. Herein, we introduce a surface plasmon resonance database, www.sprdatabase.info that contains technical details extracted from 5140 publications with surface plasmon resonance data. We also provide an analysis of experimental conditions preferred by different laboratories. These experimental variables can be searched within the database and help future users of this technology to design better experiments. CONCLUSION: Amine coupling and CM5 chips were the most common methods used for immobilizing proteins in surface plasmon resonance experiments. However, number of different chips, capture methods and buffer conditions were used by multiple investigators. We predict that the database will significantly help the scientific community using this technology and hope that users will provide feedback to improve and expand the database indefinitely. Publicly available information in the database can save a great amount of time and resources by assisting initial optimization and troubleshooting of surface plasmon resonance experiments.

Characterization of tuberculosis in the Michoacan Local Office, period 2015-2018 / Caracterización de la tuberculosis en la Delegación Michoacán, periodo 2015-2018

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious and curable disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex; it affects both men and women at any age. Objective: To characterize cases of TB presented at the Michoacán Local Office of IMSS (Mexican Institute of Social Security), from 2015 to 2018. Material and methods: Cross-sectional, observational and analytical study. Cases with a clinical file with complete information and registered in the Epidemiological Surveillance Information System, from 2015 to 2018, at the Michoacán Local Office were included. Descriptive statistics, frequency and association measures were obtained by using XMH and chi squared. Results: 328 cases of TB were found, 56% were male; the most affected age group was the one of 65 years and above with 20%; 28% were housewives; 32% had primary education; 30% were from Lazaro Cardenas jurisdiction; 70% presented pulmonary TB; 88% got cured; 25% were associated with diabetes. The association of pulmonary TB with some risk factors was 1.24 times greater in retired: XMH = 2.02, OR = 2.74, chi squared: p = 0.03 (95% CI, 1.03 7.30); 1.15 times greater in males: XMH = 1.97, OR = 1.61, chi-squared: p = 0.04 (95% CI, 1.00 2.60), and 1.21 times greater in the age group of 65 years and above: XMH = 2.34, OR = 2. 21, chi-squared: p = 0.01 (95% CI: 1.12 4.35). Conclusion: The results of this study are a starting point to prevent, diagnose, control and follow up TB cases at the local office level at IMSS.

Introducción: la tuberculosis (TB) es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa y curable que es producida por el complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis; afecta tanto a hombres como a mujeres de cualquier edad. Objetivo: caracterizar casos de TB presentados en la Delegación Michoacán del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), en el periodo 2015 2018. Material y métodos: estudio transversal, observacional y analítico. Se incluyeron casos con expediente clínico con información completa, registrados en el Sistema de Información de Vigilancia Epidemiológica, del 2015 al 2018, en la Delegación Michoacán. Se obtuvo estadística descriptiva, medidas de frecuencia y asociación utilizando XMH y chi cuadrada. Resultados: se encontraron 328 casos de TB, 56% eran hombres; el grupo más afectado fue el de 65 años o más con 20%; 28% fueron amas de casa; 32% tenía la primaria; 30% eran de la jurisdicción Lázaro Cárdenas; 70% tuvo TB pulmonar; 88% se curó; 25% estaban asociados a diabetes; la asociación a TB pulmonar con algunos factores de riesgo fue 1.24 veces mayor en jubilados: XMH = 2.02, RM = 2.74, chi cuadrada: p = 0.03 (IC 95%: 1.03 7.30); 1.15 veces mayor en hombres: XMH = 1.97, RM = 1.61 chi cuadrada: p = 0.04 (IC 95%: 1.00-2.60), y 1.21 veces mayor en el grupo de 65 años o más: XMH = 2.34, RM = 2.21, chi cuadrada: p = 0.01 (IC 95%: 1.12-4.35). Conclusiones: los resultados de este trabajo son un punto de partida para prevenir, diagnosticar, controlar y dar seguimiento a los casos de TB a nivel delegacional en el IMSS.

Clinical outcome of anterior vs posterior approach for cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

OBJECTIVE: The aim is to demonstrate whether there is clinical difference between posterior vs anterior decompression in cervical spondylotic myelopathy. METHODS: Forty-two patient database was obtained from the Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente in Mexico, those who underwent surgical treatment for cervical myelopathy with a mean 1.4 year follow-up. RESULTS: Patients were divided; group A (45%) anterior approach and group B (55%) posterior approach, for mJOA, group A had a lower score compare with group B. While in the Nurick score group B got a higher score compare with group A. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior decompression resulted in better functional outcomes (p < 0.05).

Firearm injuries in the spine. Effective strategy for diagnosis and treatment / Lesões por arma de fogo na coluna. Estratégia efetiva para diagnóstico e tratamento / Lesiones por arma de fuego en la columna. Estrategia efectiva en el diagnóstico y tratamiento

The incidence of gunshot wounds to the spine on civilians has increased alarmingly and accounts for 13% to 17% of all traumatic spinal injuries, placing them in third place among the most frequent mechanisms. However, the management of these injuries is still controversial. At present there is little information on the management of these lesions, conservative treatment (non-surgical) being recommended in most publications. Based on the current literature, we propose a procedural protocol aimed at improving the quickness of management, as well as the prognosis of the patient. For this purpose, once the patient is hemodynamically stabilized, the following should be assessed: 1) Stability; 2) Compressive extrusion; 3) Accommodation or not in the discal space, and 4) Contact with CSF. These points are relevant to make the best decision.

A incidência de lesões por arma de fogo na coluna vertebral na população civil aumentou de modo alarmante e elas representam de 13% a 17% de todas as lesões traumáticas da coluna vertebral, o que as coloca em terceiro lugar entre os mecanismos mais frequentes; no entanto, o manejo dessas lesões ainda é controverso. Atualmente, há pouca informação sobre o tratamento dessas lesões, sendo o tratamento conservador (não cirúrgico) recomendado na maioria das publicações. Com base na literatura atual, propomos um protocolo de conduta, que vise melhorar a rapidez dos procedimentos, bem como o prognóstico do paciente. Para esse propósito uma vez que o paciente é estabilizado hemodinamicamente, é preciso avaliar: 1) Estabilidade; 2) Extrusão compressiva; 3) Acomodação ou não no espaço do disco e 4) Se há contato com o LCE. Esses pontos são relevantes para tomar a melhor decisão.

La incidencia de heridas por arma de fuego en la columna vertebral en la población civil, ha aumentado de manera alarmante y representa del 13% al 17% de todas las lesiones traumáticas de la columna, colocándolas en la tercera posición entre los mecanismos más frecuentes, sin embargo el manejo de este tipo de lesiones aun es controversial. En la actualidad se cuenta con poca información sobre el manejo de estas lesiones, siendo el tratamiento conservador (no quirúrgico) recomendado en la mayoría de las publicaciones. Basado en la literatura actual, proponemos un protocolo de actuación, encaminado a mejorar la rapidez en el manejo, así como el pronóstico del paciente.Para este propósito una vez estabilizado el paciente hemodinámicamente, debe de valorarse: 1) Estabilidad; 2) Extrusión compresiva; 3) Alojamiento ó no en el espacio discal y 4) Si existe contacto con LCR. Estos puntos son relevantes para tomar la mejor decisión.

Traumatic atlantoaxial subluxation, posterior transfacet fixation: a case report / Subluxação atlantoaxial traumática, fixação transfacetária posterior: relato de caso / Subluxación atlanto-axoidea postraumática, fijación transfacetaria posterior: reporte de caso

Cervical spine injuries are often described as catastrophic events in neurological terms, with very low survival rate. Lesions to C3-C7 segment are the most common (about 80%) followed by segment C1-C2 (20%). The cervical spine injuries are of great importance, both by severity as the neurological implications. It is important to consider that among cervical traumas that do not present neurological damage at the time of the accident, 10% have deficits later, so all cervical trauma should be considered as potential spinal cord traumas, until the evolution of the case shows that definitively there is no spinal cord or nerve root damage. Cases have been reported with both atlantooccipital and atlantoaxial dislocations without neurological deficit, so these lesions went unnoticed in the emergency services. Some of the events to be considered at the time of the accident are suboccipital pain on axial skull pressure and spontaneous stiffness of the patient's neck. Dysphagia, pain on palpation of the anterior neck and a visible increase of prepharyngeal mass can also be observed, which is why it is important to keep the suspicion of craniocervical trauma in all patients who have these symptoms and carry out the relevant tests. This paper presents a case of post-traumatic atlantoaxial dislocation, which showed no neurological deficit at the time of the accident, but was later presented, as well as the surgical procedure carried out.

As lesões da coluna cervical são frequentemente descritas como eventos catastróficos em termos neurológicos, com sobrevida curta. As lesões do segmento C3-C7 são as mais comuns (cerca de 80%), seguidas pelo segmento C1-C2 (20%). As lesões da coluna cervical são de grande importância, tanto pela gravidade quanto pelas implicações neurológicas que acarretam. É importante considerar que dos traumas cervicais que não apresentam danos neurológicos no momento do acidente, 10% apresentam déficits mais tarde, motivo pelo qual todos os traumas cervicais devem ser considerados possíveis traumas raquimedulares, até que a evolução do caso demonstre que definitivamente não há lesão medular ou radicular. Foram relatados casos de luxações atlanto-occipitais e atlantoaxiais sem déficit neurológico, portanto, essas lesões passam despercebidas nos serviços de emergência. Algumas das manifestações a serem consideradas no momento do acidente são dor suboccipital à pressão axial do crânio e rigidez espontânea do pescoço do paciente. Também podem ser observados disfagia, dor à palpação da parte anterior do pescoço e aumento de volume pré-faríngeo visível, motivo pelo qual é importante manter a suspeita de traumatismo craniocervical em todos os pacientes que têm esses sintomas, e realizar os exames pertinentes. Neste artigo é apresentado um caso de luxação atlantoaxial pós-traumática, que não apresentou déficit neurológico no momento do acidente, que sobreveio posteriormente, assim como o tratamento cirúrgico realizado.

Las lesiones de la columna cervical se describen comúnmente como eventos neurológicamente catastróficos con una tasa de supervivencia muy baja. Las lesiones del segmento C3-C7 son las más frecuentes (alrededor del 80%) seguidas por el segmento C1-C2 (20%). Las lesiones de la columna cervical son de gran importancia, tanto por su gravedad así como por las implicaciones neurológicas que conllevan. Es importante tener en cuenta que de los traumatismos cervicales que no presentan daño neurológico en el momento inmediato del accidente, un 10% lo presentaran con posterioridad, por lo que todos los traumatismos cervicales se deben considerar como potenciales traumas raquimedulares, hasta que la evolución a posterior demuestre que no hay daño medular o radicular en forma definitiva. Se ha reportado casos con presentación sin déficit neurológico tanto en dislocaciones atlanto-occipitales como atlanto-axoideas, por lo que estas lesiones pasan desapercibidas en el servicio de urgencias. Algunas de sus manifestaciones a tener en consideración en el momento del accidente son, dolor suboccipital a la presión axial del cráneo y cuello rígido espontáneo del paciente. También puede presentarse disfagia, dolor a la palpación de la parte anterior del cuello y aumento de volumen prefaringeo visible, por lo que es importante mantener la sospecha ante todo paciente con trauma cráneo cervical quien presenta estos síntomas y realizar los exámenes pertinentes. En este artículo se presenta un caso de luxación atlanto-axoidea postraumática que no presentaba déficit neurológico en el momento del accidente pero posteriormente se desarrollo, así como el manejo quirúrgico realizado.